Multilingualism is the phenomenon of speaking - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1003 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Bilingual Education Essay Did you like this example? Multilingualism is the phenomenon of speaking and understanding more than one language. In the United States of America, the Act of Bilingual Education was adopted in 1968 providing federal funding to encourage local school districts to try approaches incorporating native-language instruction. Bilingual education has many advantages in lifeit provides better job opportunities, more effective communication, raises cultural awareness and develops skills. Therefore, it is essential to introduce bilingual education early on at school. Speaking another language is seen as a sign of more educated and intelligent person, giving greater access to higher-paying jobs while also broadening job opportunities. For a bilingual person, there are more job opportunities, they can change jobs more easily, and often their jobs are higher paid. A study shows that bilinguals have more analytic orientation to language and they do better at school by having higher test scores. In many areas, like retail and sales, knowing another language is an enormous plus, and usually bilinguals are favored by employers. With the spread of online industries, many businesses are becoming global and multicultural which make employers hire multilingual employees to broaden their horizon. Bilinguals can communicate with more costumers making them a greater asset to the company. A report released by New American Economy (NAE) in 2017 showed that over the past five years there has been a growing demand for bilingual employees. While in 2010 around 240 000 job postings targeted bilinguals, the number grew up to 630 000 by 2015. As it turned out in the same report, the fastest growth in bilingual listings from 2010 to 2015 was for so-called high prestige jobs, a category including financial managers, editors, and industrial engineers. (https://www.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/NAE_Bilingual_V9.pdf) Bilinguals definitely have advantages on the job market and they can often communicate with their employers and customers better than monolinguals. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Multilingualism is the phenomenon of speaking" essay for you Create order Bilingual education allows to communicate more effectively, widely, and makes people more creative. Language is strongly connected with thoughts, meaning that bilinguals have divergent thinking and higher verbal intelligence. A study between Nigerian and Welsh monolinguals and bilinguals found that the latter were significantly better in the verbal creativity tests (Okoh, N. (1980)). Not only makes bilingual education kids more creative in language use but it gives them another personality. Almost all multilinguals agree that speaking another language gives you a new personality and often a new way of seeing life and problems. There are not a lot of studies have made to find out how and why do we change when we speak another language. Susan Ervin-Tripp conducted a survey where she gave Japanese-American women sentences to complete and the endings were very different in different languages. To the sentence When my wishes conflict with my family, a womans Japanese response was ..its a time of great unhappiness while she finished the same sentence in English I do what I want. Speaking more than one language, gives you parts of that languages culture, ethics and believes. It is unexplainable why do we change the endings of our sentences in different languages or why do we turn a little bit more passionate and energetic while speaking Spanish butn remain silent and restrained while speaking Japanese but almost every multilingual agrees that they have as many personalities as many languages they speak. Speaking another language also expands your communication circle and allows to talk with more people from different cultures. Communicating directly with different cultures helps bilinguals to communicate more freely, develop their thinking and creativity but also accept cultural differences. Bilinguals are more aware of cultural differences and have higher social and emotional skills. Metacultural awarenessunderstanding of the distinctiveness of cultures, and diversity towards cultural diversity, is very important and it is highly essential to be tolerant towards other cultures, their traditions, and beliefs. With higher cultural awareness amongst bilinguals, they have more knowledge, understand feelings and behavior better, and are more tolerant towards others. Comfort with diversity and different cultures is becoming more and more important in the world and we should do everything to raise the next generation to be more tolerant and culturally aware. Bilingualism has a significant positive effect on childrens linguistic, cognitive and educational development. Speaking two or more languages is associated with increased abilities to concentrate, solve problems, and focus. Therefore, bilingualism changes the mindset and brain activity. Being multilingual is also associated with better mental flexibility and attention skills since they need to constantly pay attention when to speak what language. The study amongst group of monolingual and bilingual 10-year old children from six Montreal French schools were administered verbal and nonverbal intelligence tests showed that bilinguals performed better and they seemed to have better mental flexibility and diversified set of mental abilities. Also, they performed better at school. https://psycnet.apa.org.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/fulltext/2011-17952-001.pdf Considering all the advantages mentioned above, America should advance its bilingual education programs and introduce it more actively in the elementary school. The author of Teach Knowledge, Not Mental Skills brought out how he heard a Lebanese man complaining that the average high school graduate in his homeland can speak fluently in Arabic, French, and English while Americans are mostly monolingual and that is seen as a negative sign amongst foreigners. Multilingualism is highly advanced in Europe and in most parts of Asia, but United States is largely monolingual. The European Commission survey in 2006 shows that only about 15-20 percent of Americans consider themselves bilingual, compared to 56 percent of Europeans. The Arabic professor Mahmoud Al-Batal said that the inability to speak a foreign language makes it difficult for Americans to compete globally on a linguistic and cultural level. It would be very beneficial for America to advance the bilingual education system and he lp young children get better social and cognitive skills and therefore prepare them for future helping them. Bilingualism shapes minds for lifetime and gives many advantages, including more job opportunities, cultural and communicational benefits, and developed skills. America should approach to multilingualism as a good tool that helps to develop its country and people.

The Childhood Of Jesus And The Purple Hibiscus - 2112 Words

The Childhood of Jesus and The Purple Hibiscus are two completely different novels that, I found no correlation between on the surface level. It wasn’t until I did more research and took a look at each author’s background that I was able to find common themes used in each story to leave the reader questioning the purpose of each book, to leave the reader questioning the purpose of the ways of life. Referring back to the common theme of â€Å"Innocence† and Blake’s use of children to express innocence, we may begin to conjure up ideas as to why Coetzee chose to present the character, David as a child and why there are several loose ends to the story. We are provoked by the title, The Childhood of Jesus to explore the many possibilities as to how this book works as an allegory and the parallelism between Jesus and David. In the Childhood of Jesus, the â€Å"Third Brother Story† serves a function in the novel: David strongly identifies with the third brother and wishes to become a life saver, which points out his correlation with Jesus more directly. Also at this point, we come across the component of story-telling, which has been a common theme among our novels and shows the importance of it in Literature. Simà ³n arrives in a strange, new place and has to adapt to the people around him and the way they live. This world has some utopian characteristics such as: flats and buses and courses at the Institute. Simà ³n’s coworkers at the wharf are content with their labor and the way theyShow MoreRelatedReligion Is A Way Of Life Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pagesvalues of a society is seen to have been developed from the commandments of its most practised religion. For example in the UK the norms and values of â€Å"hospitality and kindness† can be described to have being developed from the biblical teachings of Jesus Christ in Mark 12:31 which say â€Å"Love your neighbour as yourself†. Although, in the contemporary UK, the 2011 census showed that 32.84% of its population can potentially argue about themselves not being religious but it can be counter-argued that they

Economic Performance United Kingdom

Question: Discuss about the case study Economic Performance for United Kingdom. Answer: Introduction The United Kingdom is a developed economy which is selected for this report. In 2014, UKs GDP had 4.82 % share in the world GDP with 2988.89 USD billion (Trading Economics, 2015). The most significant aspect in this context is that there is excellent environment for doing business in the UK and London is center of the business activities. Service industry plays a significant role in the UK economy contributing to the 78% of overall GDP, which includes banking services, software services, and health care services. UK has good business environment as it has well defined business law, good control on corruption, efficient regulatory bodies. Government policies are favorable for doing business effectively. The country has recorded 2.8 GDP growth rate in the year 2014 that was highest among the G8 economics (Trading Economics, 2016). Analysis of Production Output Performance The term real growth domestic product is a measurement of the total value of the economic output. It reflects the value of total good and service that is produced by a county over a period of time (Giudice, et al., 2012). The below table show the real DGP growth rate of the UK: Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 GDP in % 2.8 3.0 3.1 -0.3 -4.3 1.19 1.6 0.7 1.7 2.85 [Source: Trading Economics, 2015] [Source: BBC News, 2015] From the above table and graph, it is analyzed that UKs real GDP growth rate remained in fluctuation in the last decade. In the starting of the decade, GDP was growing well but in 2008 due to world crisis or recession, it was affected badly and turned towards negative zone. In the same manner, the real GDP per capita refers to measurement of GDP according to average per person in the country (Gilmartin, et al. 2013). The below graph depicts the GDP per capita for United Kingdom for 2006 to 2014. [Source: Trading Economics, 2016] GDP growth rate plays a significant role in measuring the economic performance of a country. GDP shows the value of all the final goods and services produced during the over a period of time. In the UK economic, there is a important role of real GDP growth in country economic performance. The result of the GDP growth is seen in the percentage change that also shows how to increase and decrease a country economy (Martin et al., 2016). It also represents the summary of the various governments policies and projects with including surplus and deficit of the government. Generally, when a country performs better that time its growth rate in the graph go to up and in the opposite of this, in the situation of bad perform its growth rate in the graph shift to down. Along with this, the income of the person is also important in the measuring the economic performance. GDP per capita depicts the relationship between the life standard and extend of economic development in the country (Gilpin, 201 6). The trend rate of the economy refers to the average sustainable performance of the economy over a period of time. The sustainable performance involves all the significant factors such as inflation rate, per person capita, unemployment rate, interest rate, industrial policy and fiscal policy and GDP growth rate of the country. In the last decade, UK GDP was sustainable at great extent, but due to the 2008 economic crisis, it was affected and shifted to down. Further this, in the year 2010, it has coughed the speed again. During this, the average GDP growth rate of UK was remained approximately 2% (BBC News, 2015). The UK economy growth was less compared to other developed countries due to the demand of the goods declined continuously. Along with this, the slow growth rate real estate industry has also some impact on this (Ayres and Voudouris, 2014). In the last decade 2005 to 2014, the United Kingdom did not have good production output performance. In order to achieve high performance, UK government has taken significant actions for achieving determined targets. The government policies supported for business activities in the country and provided possible help to the new businesses. The government has increased provision amount for research and development activities to improve the technology in the industries (Martin et al., 2016). Finance ministry has also taken effective actions through reducing interest and taxation rates. Share Option Scheme is being implemented for creating a good relationship between companies and their employees (Gilpin, 2016). The UK government is also considering the free economic working environment and providing flexibility to new start up. Labor Market Analysis Unemployment Trends: On the basis of unemployment rates, the unemployment trends of UK are as follow: (Source: Statista, 2016) From the above graph, it can be said that in the UK, the unemployment rate has increased from the year 2008 to 2012. In the year 2005, the unemployment rate was 4.8%, which also was the lowest in recent years. It is because, in these years, the companies provide employment for the local people, which was one of the main reasons of the low unemployment rate in the year. But, at the same time, unemployment trend line increased more in 2011 by 8.1% due to the period of recession and lower productivity by the companies. On the other hand, in the year 2012, the jobless people were 2.52 million, which were also maintained the higher unemployment rate in the UK in the year 2012 (Statista, 2016). But, due to intervention of government and jobs provided by the governmental bodies, there is a fall in the unemployment rates in the year 2013-14, which is a good sign of economic development. Unemployment and Its Types In general, unemployment is a situation in which an individual is able to work and also willing work but, is not getting the work. According to Banerji, Saksonovs and Lin (2014), in the country, the unemployment refers to the unemployment rate that is defined as the number of unemployed as a ratio to the labor force. So, it can be said that unemployment is a situation where the persons, who are able and willing to work may not find jobs or activities in the mean of living. There are different types of unemployment in the country such as frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, technological unemployment, real wage unemployment, voluntary and involuntary unemployment, and cyclical unemployment, etc., which are faced by the governments in their countries (Flemming, 2013). In this, the frictional unemployment is an unemployment that is due to the normal turnover in the labor market. This unemployment is occurred because people, who are between two jobs or changing their jobs from one to another. On the other hand, structural unemployment refers to the unemployment in which the workers lost their jobs due to displace by automation and their skills are no longer productive or in demand. This unemployment situation is also come due to change in the economic situation. At the same time, the cyclical unemployment occurs due to decline in economys total production at the time of recession (Davidson and Matusz, 2010). On the other hand, technological unemployment has occurred when new technology replaces workers with machines. Unemployment Type in UK In the UK economy, the main unemployment type is related to the structural unemployment. It is because due to political instability, the government was enabled to develop better polices for the people as well as companies in order to maintain the effective equilibrium among the demand and supply of labor. It is also analyzed that in last decade, the government of UK also failed to calculate to ensure that the number of people willing to do jobs at the market wage (Rashid and Antonioni, 2015). Along with this, the government also failed to ensure that what number of people the firm wants to higher at the market price or wage. It also increased the unemployment rate in the country by 8.1 percent in the year 2011 (Mclaughlin, 2013). On the other hand, cyclical unemployment is also unemployment type in the UK. It is found that during the recession period of 2008-10, the unemployment level rose to 2.4 million, which also increases the unemployment rate in the country (BBC News, 2016). Measures to Achieve Employment The UK government adopted various measures to achieve full employment. In this, the government implemented Conservatives National Living Wage (NLW), which rebranded the minimum wage, which forces the companies to hire people for the vacant posts. Along with this, to achieve the full employment, the government also using public funds to create jobs, cutting the taxes on jobs and also reforming welfare. These measures help the UK government to achieve the full employment within the country (Cancian, 2016). It is because these measures or ways force the companies to recruit people within the country and contribute in the success of countrys economy in the world. Price Level Analysis Inflation Trends On the basis of inflation rate, the trends in inflation in UK country are as follow: (Source: Inflation.eu, 2016) The above graph of inflation in UK depicts that during the year 2005 to 2014, 1.5% is one of the lowest inflation rate for the decade. In the early, in the year 2005, the inflation trends in the UK has remain low but, after this, due to more spend on the goods and services by the local people, the inflation rate has increased by 3.6 percent in the year 2008. It also positively impacted on the GDP rate of the country and provided the benefits to the country. It is also analyzed that due to large flow of money in the economy, the UK achieved 4.5% of inflation, which also resulted in the currency devaluation (Geithner, 2011). But, after this, the government adopted various measures to control on the inflation rate in the country, which resulted in the reduction of inflationary rate in the country as in the year 2014; the inflation rate has decreased by 1.5%. Inflation and Its Causes In general, the inflation refers to the rise in the price of goods and services. In the situation of inflation, there are too many buyers and too few goods. In this, the scarcity of goods and the presence of many buyers, the price are increased. At the same time, there are many causes of inflation such as less production, artificial scarcity, taxation policies of the government, shortage of food grains, industrial disputes, technical changes, natural calamities, and productive setups, etc. These causes negatively increase the price of products and services as well as fall in the production that give rise to inflation in the country (Siegel, 2014). Causes of Inflation in UK From the analysis of economic situation of UK, it is found that there are various causes of inflation in the country. In this, the lack of control on the money supply is one of the causes that increase the inflation rate in the country. It is because due to lack of money control, banks are enabled to increase their borrowings, which increases the price of products and cause a rise in inflation rate in the country. Along with this, fall in the oil price was one of the main reasons of low inflation in the UK (Belke and Polleit, 2011). In recent years, the fall in the oil price decreased the price of products and services that maintain the low inflation rate in the country. Measures to Achieve Stable Price In order to stable the price, the UK government has adopted different measures such as adoption of monetary, fiscal and open market policies. In this, the use of monetary policy helps the government to increase the interest rate, which helped the firm to decrease the spending power of the people to stable the price of goods and services. At the same time, the use of fiscal policy helped the government to increase the rate of tax on goods and services, which helped in cutting the spending power of people in concern to stable the goods and services prices (Comley, 2015). At the same time, open market activities such as selling bonds and securities helped the government to reduce the flow of money in the economy, which also helped in achieving stable price of goods and services. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that in recent years, the UK has the strong economic conditions that supported the government to attract the investors and companies. The country has low inflation and low unemployment rate, which helped the UK to improve the economic conditions after the period of recession. References Ayres, R. and Voudouris, V. (2014). The economic growth enigma: Capital, labour and useful energy?. Energy Policy, 64.16-28. Banerji, A., Saksonovs, S. and Lin, H. H. (2014). Youth Unemployment in Advanced Economies in Europe: Searching for Solutions. USA: International Monetary Fund. BBC News (2015). Business. Retrieved from: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34646496 BBC News (2016). UK unemployment still at ten-year low, falling by 60,000. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35594650. Belke, A. and Polleit, T. (2011). Monetary Economics in Globalised Financial Markets. USA: Springer Science Business Media. Cancian, D. (2016). 71% of British businesses say UK government will not achieve full employment in 5 years. Retrieved from https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/71-british-businesses-say-uk-government-will-not-achieve-full-employment-5-years-1543038. Comley, P. (2015). Inflation Matters: Inflationary Wave Theory, its impact on inflation past and present ... and the deflation yet to come. UK: Pete Comley. Davidson, C. and Matusz, S. J. (2010). International Trade with Equilibrium Unemployment. UK: Princeton University Press. Flemming, L. E. (2013). Reading Keys. USA: Cengage Learning. Geithner, T. F. (2011). International Economic and Exchange Rate Policies: Congressional Report. USA: DIANE Publishing. Gilmartin, M., Learmouth, D., Swales, J.K., McGregor, P. and Turner, K., (2013). Regional policy spillovers: The national impact of demand-side policy in an interregional model of the UK economy. Environment and Planning A, 45(4), 814-834. Gilpin, R., (2016). The political economy of international relations. UK: Princeton University Press. Giudice, G., Knzel, R. and Springbett, T. eds. (2012). UK Economy: The Crisis in Perspective. UK: Routledge. Inflation.eu (2016). Historic inflation Great Britain - CPI inflation. Retrieved from https://www.inflation.eu/inflation-rates/great-britain/historic-inflation/cpi-inflation-great-britain.aspx. Martin, R., Pike, A., Tyler, P. and Gardiner, B. (2016). Spatially Rebalancing the UK Economy: Towards a New Policy Model?. Regional Studies, 50(2), 342-357. Mclaughlin, E. (2013). Understanding Unemployment: New Perspectives on Active Labour Market Policies. UK: Routledge. Rashid, M. and Antonioni, P. (2015). Macroeconomics For Dummies-UK. USA: John Wiley Sons. Siegel, B. N. (2014). Money, Banking, and the Economy: A Monetarist View. USA: Academic Press. statista (2016). Unemployment rate in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2000 to 2015. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/279898/unemployment-rate-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/. Trading Economics. (2015). Retrieved from: https://www.ifs.org.uk/comms/comm73.pdf Trading Economics. (2016). Retrieved from: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/gdp-growth

Why I want to be an Army Aviator Essay Example

Why I want to be an Army Aviator Essay Each of us has different aspirations in life. Being responsible and determined are the key roles in being successful in life. They can help us to aim for higher goals. My name is (insert your name here) I wanted to be an Army Aviator and I have all the knowledge and skills for the said position.The different challenges we face in our day-to-day lives help us become who we are today. These experiences give us a glimpse of reality and allowed us to strive hard and become the best that we can be. As a child, I have always believed that I am special. I believe that someday I will be notable for doing something not only for my family but for the benefit of my countrymen. Although I faced so many struggles I maintain my optimism and hard work. I was able to learn backgrounds about aviation and how important the job of an army aviator is. Because of this, I grew up knowing that even if I have a lot of imperfections, I can still hone myself to succeed and be recognized for my skills. I alway s give my best in everything I do. For me, being in this position is essential in the success of y individuality. It will make me overwhelmed because I am trusted with handling not only the aircraft but also the lives of people who I am with. Once given the chance to be in the position I will strive hard and rise above the rest.Being an army aviator is one great privilege that should not be taken for granted. I am motivated to travel the road towards becoming an extraordinary army aviator where I can participate in service and in innovating goals and ideas. I have the right mindset, cognitive ability, perceptual accuracy and speed, personality and the right attitude to be in the position. I love the practice of army aviation and I am blessed with priceless knowledge that will serve as my driving force to continue the journey towards my true calling.

White Collar Crime essays

White Collar Crime essays In our society in America crimes can be separated into two distinct categories, white collar and blue collar crimes. White collar crimes consist of non-violent offenses that perpetuate cheating dishonesty, and corruption. On the other hand, Blue collar crime consists of refers to the visibly apparent form of crime that takes shape in the form of primarily violent offenses sometimes referred to as "street crimes. The treatment of white collar crimes verses blue collar crimes is unethical and there exists a disparity by the nature of the crimes and the social status of the criminal. White collar crime in our society often goes unnoticed in our society due to an apathetic nature toward crimes that do not physically hurt someone. Many people feel that blue collar crime is a larger threat in our society then white collar crime. In regards to white collar crime, Fraud and abuse costs U.S. organizations more than $400 billion annually (www.diogenesllc.com/whitecollarfraudstats.html). This loss is substantially larger then blue collar crime. Many people in this class have committed a white collar crime and probably do not know it; these crimes could range from borrowing computer software that one did not purchase to downloading copyrighted music off of the internet. To many people it is not a crime, but a way around the system. The nature of white collar crime is generally deemed as a nonviolent and can extend to some of the following areas such as: Bank Fraud, Black Mail, Credit Card Fraud, Forgery, Embezzlement, and Tax Evasion (ckfraud.org/whitecollar.html). The manners in which these crimes are committed are usually behind closed doors, with computers or telephones. By using these methods it is not visibly apparent of the damage that these crimes cause. The damage of white collar crimes affect everyone not just the victims. The victims of white collar crimes extend to everyone through higher retail pric...

Effects of the Subsidy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of the Subsidy - Essay Example A market without a subsidy will reach equilibrium at the point where the demand curve intersects the pre-tax supply curve. Let’s assume that the price is P and the quantity is Q. The subsidy by the government will shift the supply curve downwards by the subsidy amount. The price paid by the buyers for the homes will fall from P to Ps, that is from $167,000 to $ 159,000 while the one to the suppliers will increase to Ps’ that is from $167,000 to $174,000. The quantity supplied will then increase from Q to Qs. In the graph below, the cost of the subsidy to the government is shown. The graph clearly shows a negative balance which is the cost of the subsidy which is always greater than the benefits enjoyed by the producers and the consumers. The deadweight loss of the subsidy is the amount by which the subsidy costs exceed the gains in the producer and consumer surpluses. The deadweight loss magnitude depends on the subsidy amount as well as the change in the production which results from the subsidy The benefits obtained from the subsidy are usually shared by the producers and the consumers in a proportion which depends on the relative slopes of supply and demand functions. However, the buyers gain more than the suppliers as the subsidy lowers prices to buyers and increases the price to the sellers. Assuming the two firms compete on prices à   la Bertrand with the production function and factor prices remaining the same: qM = L0.6K0.4 ;qK = L0.5 K0.5 ;the wage rate is $5 and the rental rate of capital is $10.

Halliday Functional Grammar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Halliday Functional Grammar - Essay Example An example would be "otter" and "odder" or "prints" and "prince". (Suber & Thorpe 2001). Linguistic Determinism is a theory of language that contends that all our thoughts are defined by language. Without words to define an idea or object, the mind can have no understanding of it. It was first proposed in 1950 and has remained a controversial subject (Biever 2004). A recent discovery of the numeric system of the Pariah tribe, whose language only contains words for the numbers one and two, is an example of linguistic determinism. A study revealed that they could not tell the difference between 4 objects and 5 objects since they did not have a word for them (Biever 2004). The study seems to support the theory that human languages determine the conclusions that we reach, the concepts we have of our lives, and all our emotional make up. A simplified language that develops when two languages combine is called a pidgin. First contact with English speaking settlers resulted in Native languages combining with the settler's language to form "pidgin English". It is formed as a basic, and usually temporary, means of communication between two distinct cultures. However, if the pidgin is used over the span of generations it develops into a more complex language with a wider vocabulary. It then becomes known as a Creole. The Creole spoken in Louisiana by the Cajuns is an example of the combination between the French and African languages. When the language is spoken of as being "Cajun", it is a dialect of Louisiana Creole. (Pidgins and Creoles 1997). Antonyms Antonyms, are words that have opposite meanings such as "high" and "low" or "good" and "bad". There are 4 types of antonyms. Gradable antonyms are ends of a graduated spectrum that express opposite qualities such as "hot" and "cold". Complementary antonyms are absolute opposites such as "moral" and "immoral". Relational antonyms describe an opposite relationship between two words such as "cop" and "robber" or "take" and "give". An auto-antonym is the same word that has two opposing meanings. "Fast" (move swiftly) and "fast" (to hold firmly) are auto-antonyms as well as "sanction" (to sponsor) and